Ning Wu

A Diversity-Preserving Multi-Objective PSO Framework for SFC Scheduling in a Digital Twin-Enabled IIoT Architecture Toward Industry 5.0

INTRODUCTION: Under Industry 5.0, discrete manufacturing faces a fundamental dilemma: it must balance human-centric flexibility with sustainable and resilient operations. Resolving this dilemma requires the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to coordinate and integrate the three types of heterogeneous resources—sensi...