Paracetamol overdose is a major cause of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and tubular apoptosis. This study evaluated the nephroprotective efficacy of pH-responsive carboxymethyl cellulose-encapsulated hesperidin-stabilized selenium nanoparticles (CMC@HES-SeNPs) against paracetamol-induced AKI in rats. HES-SeNPs were synthesized using hesperidin as a reducing/stabilizing agent and further coated with CMC. The nanoparticles were characterized by DLS, zeta potential, TEM, and in vitro release kinetics at pH 7.4 and 5.5. 42 Male rats were allocated into groups of control, paracetamol (PAR), paracetamol treated with sodium selenite (PAR&Se), paracetamol treated with hesperidin (PAR&HES), paracetamol treated with hesperidin-loaded selenium nanoparticles (PAR&HES-SeNPs), and paracetamol treated with carboxy methyl cellulose-coated hesperidin-loaded selenium nanoparticles (PAR&CMC@HES-SeNPs). Paracetamol markedly impaired renal function, increasing creatinine, urea, NGAL, KIM-1, and cystatin-C, and induced oxidative/nitrosative stress, Keap-1 upregulation, Nrf2 suppression, NF-κB-mediated inflammation, cytochrome-C release, Bax/Bcl-2 imbalance, caspase-3 activation, and severe renal histopathological injury. CMC@HES-SeNPs displayed sustained, pH-enhanced hesperidin release and produced the strongest renoprotective response, restoring renal biomarkers, associated with restoration of Keap-1/Nrf2-related antioxidant markers, reduction in TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, and caspase-3, increased IL-10, and preservation of renal architecture. Collectively, these results indicate that CMC@HES-SeNPs represent a promising multifunctional nanoplatform for mitigating paracetamol-induced AKI in association with coordinated modulation of redox, inflammatory, and mitochondrial apoptotic markers, and highlight CMC encapsulation as a rational strategy to enhance selenium–flavonoid delivery and efficacy for future drug-induced AKI management and translation.
Mohamed H. A. Gadelmawla, Khaled M. Alam-Eldein, A. Saleh et al.· International Journal of Mol...· 1 citation
University life is a formative period characterized by increased autonomy, evolving social roles, and sustained academic demands, placing students at heightened risk of psychological distress. Reliable assessment of subjective well-being is essential for early identification, prevention, and the promotion of adaptive functioning. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
A cross-sectional psychometric validation study was conducted between February 2024 and March 2025 using an online survey of 568 university students in the UAE. The translation and cultural adaptation followed a standardized seven-step process, including forward translation, reconciliation, backward translation, comparison with the original instrument, pilot testing, and psychometric evaluation. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis with robust maximum likelihood estimation. Model fit was evaluated using McDonald's fit index (MFI), comparative fit index (CFI), incremental fit index (IFI), normed fit index (NFI), non-normed fit index (NNFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Convergent validity, internal consistency reliability, and measurement invariance across gender were also examined.
The original one-factor model demonstrated suboptimal fit. After specifying two theoretically justifiable residual correlations between WHO_1 and WHO_4 and between WHO_2 and WHO_5, the modified one-factor model showed good fit under the robust solution (CFI = 0.993, NFI = 0.990, NNFI = 0.976, RMSEA = 0.068; 90% CI: 0.027 -0.113). Standardized factor loadings ranged from 0.508 to 0.805. Convergent validity was supported by an average variance extracted of 0.533, while internal consistency was demonstrated by a Cronbach's
α
of 0.833 and composite reliability of 0.848. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis provided preliminary evidence of configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender. However, the elevated absolute RMSEA values observed in the gender-specific and multi-group models indicate that these invariance findings should be interpreted with caution.
The Arabic WHO-5 demonstrated satisfactory preliminary evidence of construct validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance among university students in the UAE. These findings support its use as a brief measure of subjective well-being in this population. Nevertheless, the results represent an initial validation rather than definitive evidence for widespread research or clinical application. Future multicenter and longitudinal studies should evaluate test -retest reliability, relationships with established mental health measures, diagnostic performance, clinical utility, and measurement invariance across broader Arabic-speaking populations.
A. Jairoun, M. Shahwan, Abeer M Al-Ghananeem et al.· Frontiers in Education· 0 citations
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