Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited treatment options and variable clinical outcomes. Cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) has been proposed as a potential prognostic marker in TNBC. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate CK5/6 expression and its association with clinicopathological characteristics and five-year mortality in patients with TNBC. Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study included 50 patients with TNBC who were diagnosed between 2011 and 2016 at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran. CK5/6 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Clinicopathological variables and five-year mortality were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with five-year mortality. Results: Among the 50 patients, 45 (90%) exhibited positive CK5/6 expression. Five-year mortality occurred in 10 (20%) patients. CK5/6 expression was significantly associated with five-year mortality (P = 0.01). In univariate analysis, tumor stage (OR = 10.4, 95% CI, 2.40 - 45.08; P < 0.01) and CK5/6 expression (OR = 0.12, 95% CI, 0.01 - 0.87; P = 0.03) were significantly associated with mortality. In multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.12, 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.23; P = 0.02), tumor stage (OR = 6.36, 95% CI, 1.49 - 27.07; P = 0.01), and CK5/6 expression (OR = 0.04, 95% CI, 0.002 - 0.65; P = 0.02) remained significantly associated with five-year mortality. No significant associations were observed for lymph node involvement, tumor grade, or the CK5/6 staining index. Conclusions: CK5/6 expression was associated with five-year mortality in patients with TNBC and may have prognostic value when evaluated alongside clinicopathological factors. Larger studies are needed to further assess the prognostic role of CK5/6 in TNBC.
F. Binesh, Elahah Jafaripour, Nasim Namiranian et al.· International Journal of Can...· 0 citations
Introduction: Pursuing the educational curriculum is both vital and essential for the attainment of academic objectives. In this study, it was assessed how closely the quantity and variety of radiographs completed by dental students in Yazd City aligned with those mandated by the formal educational curriculum.
Methods: In order to conduct this study, the students enrolled in practical radiology units 1, 2 or 3 during the first semester of the 2022-2023 academic year were invited to voluntarily share their logbooks. Demographic information, including the specific practical radiology unit and academic semester, along with the number and type of radiographic stereotypes prepared by students, were meticulously documented and compared with the mandatory radiographs specified in the educational curriculum of radiology practical units. Finally, the collected data were analyzed through the application of SPSS version 16 and ANOVA and T-test.
Results: Across all practical radiology units 1, 2 and 3, the frequency of paralleling, occlusal, panoramic and lateral cephalometric technique radiographs was nonexistent. In practical radiology unit 1, the mean ratio of bisecting-angle radiographs taken to the number specified in the educational curriculum was 119%, while in practical radiology unit 2, it was 173%. Regarding bitewing radiography, this mean ratio was 87% in practical radiology unit 1 and 166% in practical radiology unit 2. Furthermore, the mean for practical radiology unit 3 reached 1970%.
Conclusion: Given these inconsistencies, it appears that a re-evaluation of the educational curriculum as it relates to the implementation of practical training within the department of oral and maxillofacial radiology is needed.
S. H. Razavi, Fatemeh Ayatollahi, Yasamin Akhavan-Tafti et al.· Journal of Shahid Sadoughi U...· 0 citations
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