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Review Open access Aug 2026

The Aging Spine Surgical Host: Frailty, Sarcopenia, Osteoporosis, and Risk Stratification in Contemporary Spine Surgery

An Aging Spine Surgical Host framework is proposed that integrates frailty, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, nutrition, cognition, mobility, and surgical magnitude into four actionable grades: robust, vulnerable, high-risk, and prohibitive or modifiable high-risk.

N. X · 0 citations

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