Author

N. K. Christophe

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Open access Sep 2026

Measurement invariance of the Trauma Symptoms of Discrimination Scale for racism among a national sample of college students.

OBJECTIVE Racial trauma is increasingly recognized as a distinct, consequential source of psychological harm. However, most existing measurements that seek to capture experiences of racism focus on event frequency rather than responses. The Trauma Symptoms of Discrimination Scale (TSDS; Williams, Printz, & DeLapp, 2018...

A. Fetter, N. K. Christophe · Psychological Trauma · 0 citations

Review Open access Aug 2026

Preparation for bias, racial‐ethnic socialization competency, and Latinx adolescent mental health

Abstract Although parental preparation for bias messages theoretically protect adolescents from the damaging impact of discrimination, they have been linked to mental health challenges in Latinx adolescents. Parental racial‐ethnic socialization (RES) competency has been proposed to potentially explain this discrepancy....

Casandra J. Gomez Alvarado, Lisa Kiang, R. Anderson et al. · Journal of Research on Adole... · 0 citations