Proof of the positive trace gap conjecture
We prove that a lattice $\Gamma$ in $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ or $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb C)$ has positive trace gap, meaning that its traces are uniformly separated, if and only if it is derived from an admissible quaternion algebra. For cocompact Fuchsian groups, this proves the positive trace gap conjecture attrib...