Pancasila Education as an Instrument for Internalizing Constitutional Values in Character Formation of Students at Muhammadiyah Senior High School in Makassar City
This study aims to analyze the implementation of constitutional values through Pancasila Education in character building of students at Muhammadiyah Senior High School in Makassar City, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and examine teacher strategies in the process of internalizing values. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive type through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation techniques with the principal, Pancasila Education teachers, and students. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña with validity testing through triangulation. The results of the study indicate that the internalization of constitutional values is implemented integratively through intracurricular learning, school culture, and character building that forms nationalism, democracy, responsibility, tolerance, legal awareness, justice, and mutual cooperation. The main supporting factors include school culture, teacher role models, school leadership, and parental involvement, while social media and low discipline are the dominant obstacles. The novelty of this study produces the Constitutional Character Ecosystem Model, which emphasizes that the formation of constitutional character is the result of the interaction between constitutional learning, school culture, teacher role models, and continuous character building.