Muhammad Waheed Rasheed

A Biometric‐Algebraic Block Cipher Framework Using Fingerprint Minutiae, Ridge Orientation Fields, and GL(8,GF(2))$$ GL\left(8, GF(2)\right) $$ Transformations for Dynamic S‐Box Generation

The security of symmetric‐key block ciphers depends critically on the strength and structural unpredictability of their substitution boxes (S‐boxes). Existing constructions rely on fixed mathematical structures, such as finite field inversion, chaotic maps, or elliptic curves that are entirely independent of the encryp...