Author

Muhammad Bilal Zafar

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#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Characterizing Web Search by Conversational LLM Agents: From Search Decisions and Strategies to Results and Responses

Conversational LLM agents increasingly rely on Web search, yet the end-to-end lifecycle of agentic search remains poorly understood. We present the first study of Web search across four major conversational platforms (ChatGPT, Claude, Grok, and DeepSeek), combining real-world user interactions (invivo) with controlled...

Mahsa Amani, Seungeon Lee, A. Dash et al. · 0 citations

#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

On Epistemic Diversity in Large Language Models

It is argued that epistemic diversity is a useful evaluation dimension for settings where LLMs are used to support knowledge-intensive tasks, and a preliminary framework for conceptualizing and measuring epistemic diversity in LLMs is proposed, and operationalized in two domains.

Elisabeth Kirsten, N. Krämer, Muhammad Bilal Zafar · 0 citations