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Muhammad Azeem Afzal

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Review Open access Sep 2026

Artificial Intelligence for Phishing and Social-Engineering Detection: A Machine Learning Evaluation on a Benchmark URL Dataset

Phishing remains the leading initial-access vector in modern cyberattacks, and the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has made social-engineering content easier to produce and harder to distinguish from legitimate communication. This paper reviews recent (2023-2026) research on artificial-intelligence-based phis...

Muhammad Azeem Afzal, Usama Ahmad Mughal, Malik Hammad Hussain et al. · 0 citations

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