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Muhammad Ali Iqbal

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#large language models Open access Oct 2026

Hybrid deep learning for three-way classification of human-written, AI-generated, and AI-rephrased text

Abstract The rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has made it increasingly difficult to distinguish AI-generated and AI-rephrased text from authentic human writing, posing serious risks to academic integrity, journalism, and e-commerce credibility. This paper presents a rigorous benchmark evaluation for...

Najma Sadia, Muhammad Naeem Khan, Muhammad Shahzad Faisal et al. · 0 citations

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