Nano-Bioadhesives for Gastrointestinal Hemostasis and Healing: Integrating Artificial Intelligence for Precision Design and Application
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and mucosal injury remain clinically challenging because most bioadhesives lose performance under acidic, enzymatic, and peristaltic conditions. Nanotechnology has advanced adhesive design by enhancing mechanical integrity, degradation control, and antimicrobial activity; however, trans...