Mei-Fang Pan

Incidental noninvasive diagnosis of isolated persistent left superior vena cava in asymptomatic adults

Rationale: Isolated persistent left superior vena cava (IPLSVC) is an extremely rare congenital malformation with a low overall prevalence in the general population. Most patients present without typical clinical manifestations, leading to a relatively high rate of missed diagnoses in clinical practice. Owing to abnorm...