An observational study of wave attenuation and wave-induced momentum transfer to sea ice in the marginal ice zone
Momentum transfer from ocean waves to sea ice is a key fluid–structure interaction in the marginal ice zone, yet direct observational estimates of its magnitude remain scarce. We combine two independent networks of drifting buoys, six in the Barents Sea (winter 2021) and 65 around Svalbard (2022–2023), with ERA5 forcin...