Mehdi Houari Zaid

Observer-Based Hybrid Backstepping–Super-Twisting Control of a Twin Rotor MIMO System with Windowed Metaheuristic Gain Scheduling: Real-Time Tracking Experiments and Numerical Disturbance Analysis

Twin Rotor Multi-Input Multi-Output (TRMS) platforms combine strong aerodynamic cross-coupling, gravitational loading on the vertical axis, friction-dominated horizontal dynamics, and systematic mismatch between idealised models and laboratory hardware. The platform provides only two optical encoders, so the angular ra...