Gene therapy, a transformative field in biomedicine, holds immense promise for treating a wide range of diseases. Smart micro/nanoneedles (MNs/NNs) emerged as non-viral carriers, offering safety and reduced immunogenicity, in addition to precise and controlled gene delivery, and represent promising platforms for gene delivery. They can also be tailored to respond to specific biological or environmental triggers, enabling precise targeting and localized delivery, ensuring that therapeutic genes reach their intended destination. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in scalable manufacturing, biocompatibility and safety, and genetic cargo stability. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into design and predictive modelling offers promising and cost-effective solutions to these limitations. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MN/NN fabrication methodologies that enable structural and functional customization, while highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of MN/NN technologies and their transformative role in the future of gene therapy.
Majid Farhadi, Gelareh Karimi, Zahra Salmasi et al.· Iranian Journal of Basic Med...· 0 citations
Sustainable packaging plays a critical role in addressing the severe environmental pollution caused by synthetic polymers. In this study, pectin-incorporated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers containing Perovskia abrotanoides essential oil (EO) and its nanoemulsion form (NEO) were successfully optimized and fabricated using electrospinning. Physicochemical properties were characterized using SEM, FTIR, DSC, XRD, and zeta potential analysis. Optimal electrospinning parameters were achieved with 8% PVA and 2% pectin (80:20), a feed rate of 1 mL/h, and an applied voltage of 18.0 kV, yielding uniform, bead-free nanofibers. EO and NEO were incorporated at concentrations of 0.5 MIC, 1 MIC, and 2 MIC to assess their antioxidant and antibacterial performance. SEM analysis revealed that 2 MIC EO and 0.5 MIC NEO produced smoother nanofibers with mean diameters of 898 ± 240 nm and 755 ± 148 nm, respectively, along with enhanced antibacterial efficacy against seven foodborne pathogens. Compared with EO-loaded systems, NEO-loaded nanofibers exhibited higher absolute zeta potential values ( -5.9 mV for 2NEO) and superior stability mechanical properties. Overall, this study suggests that PVA/pectin nanofibers containing Perovskia abrotanoides NEO are promising sustainable multifunctional packaging material.
Samaneh Tabibian, Maryam Hashemi, P. Innocenzi et al.· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
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