Gut microbiome-mediated primary and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic implications-a narrative review
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of microsatellite instability-high/deficient mismatch repair (MSI-H/dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a substantial proportion of patients exhibit primary resistance or eventually develop acquired resistance, highlighting the need fo...