Open Innovation Practices in Startups Transitioning to the Circular Economy: A Systematic Review and Proposed Framework
Due to their innovative potential and contributions to advancing circular business models, startups play a significant role in the transition toward the circular economy (CE). Yet, despite their agility and focus on creating and delivering value aligned with CE principles, startups also often face specific barriers and challenges when developing circular solutions. One possible way to overcome these obstacles is through the application of open innovation (OI) concepts. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding integrated studies on how OI can support startups innovating toward the CE. The present study aimed to contribute to this understanding by investigating the topic through a systematic literature review, followed by a qualitative content analysis. From an OI perspective, the findings of the study suggest a set of managerial practices, along with the identification and analysis of actors and tools that startups can use to support CE development and implementation. Finally, an integrative framework is proposed that may guide startups in adopting OI to support CE implementation.