HAp/PLGA/Chitosan Scaffolds Fabricated by Freeze-Drying and 3D Printing for Bone Regeneration: In Vitro Evaluation and Finite Element Analysis
Overall, HAp/PLGA/CS scaffolds showed potential as experimental bioactive platforms for bone tissue engineering, with 3D-printed scaffolds providing greater architectural control and favorable early osteogenic responses, although the translational relevance of these findings remains preliminary.