Marc Wilbrink

Pedestrian interaction with highly automated vehicles in shared spaces: the roles of vehicle kinematics, external human–machine interfaces, and social cues

Highly automated vehicles (HAVs; SAE Levels 4–5) will increasingly operate in mixed traffic, raising challenges for pedestrian interaction—especially in shared-space environments where coordination relies on negotiation rather than formal right-of-way rules. Prior research has largely examined one-to-one pedestrian–HAV...