Review
Open access
Oct 2026
Advancing osteosarcoma treatment: the impact of intratumoral metabolic reprogramming on immunotherapy
Osteosarcoma (OS) remains difficult to cure once it becomes metastatic, recurrent, or resistant to chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint blockade has provided limited clinical benefit. The metabolic-immune tumor microenvironment (TME) is one barrier to effective immunity because malignant, stromal, and immune cells compe...
Jia-Wei Yin, Shuai Lu, Yi-Kai Liu et al.
· Frontiers in Immunology · 0 citations