Manal F. El-khadragy

Immune-related hallmark pathway heterogeneity identifies a prognostic risk signature with independent external validation in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults and remains associated with poor clinical outcomes despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Increasing evidence suggests that the glioblastoma immune microenvironment and coordinated oncogenic signaling pathways play c...