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Author

Maikel Leon

4 papers indexed here

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Open access Sep 2026

The Reversed Turing Test: Measuring Superhuman AI Performance Beyond Imitation

It is argued that imitation-based evaluation is misaligned with general intelligence systems and the Reversed Turing Test (RTT) is introduced, which asks whether a machine can be identified precisely because its performance is measurably superhuman.

Maikel Leon · 0 citations
Review Open access 2026

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps: A Comprehensive Survey and Comparative Analysis

The survey traces the development of FCMs from graph-based encodings of expert knowledge to modern modeling and decision-support tools, and it presents the underlying mathematics, including concept activation dynamics, weight update rules, activation and membership functions, defuzzification, and error functions for su...

Maikel Leon · 0 citations
Review Open access Sep 2026

Enduring Strengths of Knowledge-Based Methods in the Era of Machine Learning and Large Language Models: A Task-and-Architecture Perspective

Large language models have shifted AI toward statistical learning, but knowledge-based methods remain essential for tasks governed by combinatorial structure, declarative correctness, strong domain priors, and auditable reasoning. This paper treats the issue as one of task–architecture fit rather than paradigm competit...

Maikel Leon · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

Governing generative AI in organizations: a design theory and quasi-experimental field study of sociotechnical guardrails

This work conceptualizes AI guardrails as sociotechnical governance mechanisms, comprising policy, technical, and workflow components that embed organizational norms in deployed AI systems, and specifies three mechanisms targeting four properties: predictability, fairness, safety, and auditability.

Maikel Leon · 1 citation

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