Review
Open access
Oct 2026
Noradrenergic gain failure and cognitive-state instability in aging and Alzheimer's disease
This hypothesis-driven narrative review integrates adaptive gain theory, locus coeruleus–norepinephrine (LC–NE) anatomy and pathology, LC-sensitive MRI, pupillometry, EEG/fMRI state dynamics, sleep research, behavioral variability, and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers to examine how disease-related vulnerability becomes...
Seyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Mahsa Faramin Lashkarian, Seyede Helma Naseri Sadr et al.
· Journal of Alzheimer's Disea... · 0 citations