Background Continuous vital sign monitoring is critical but often labor-intensive. Fiberoptic technologies, like the SMART MAT, offer non-invasive assessment. Adapting this for a seated posture addresses clinical needs by promoting safe patient mobilization and reducing complications associated with prolonged bed rest. Objectives To validate the accuracy of the sitting SMART MAT for respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) against established clinical reference standards. Methods This cross-sectional study compared sitting SMART MAT readings with clinical reference measurements under stationary and mobile wheelchair conditions. Accuracy was assessed using Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Bland-Altman Limits of Agreement (LoA), repeated-measures ANOVA, and effect size. Results Data from 130 participants were analyzed. HR readings demonstrated high accuracy (MAE = 3.67–4.81 bpm) with tight LoA. RR error was minimal (MAE = 2.85–2.86 breaths/min) statically but increased during motion (MAE = 5.03–5.21 breaths/min). SpO2 remained highly stable (MAE = 1.08–1.21%), well within standard clinical tolerance. SBP showed solid central accuracy (MAE = 6.48–7.51 mmHg) but wider LoA occasionally exceeded the ±5 mmHg threshold, functioning best as a continuous trend monitor. DBP variance was negligible (MAE = 4.65–5.46 mmHg). Conclusion The current SMART MAT is a viable, integrated multimodal platform. HR, RR, and DBP are comparable to clinical reference standards, while SBP requires careful interpretation. By accommodating a functional sitting posture, the contactless system reduces immobility-related complications and demonstrates high feasibility for continuous, real-world monitoring.
Yan Yi Sim, Darryl J. Q. Chan, Yong Xiang Phang et al.· Frontiers in Physiology· 0 citations
Background: Simulation-based education is increasingly used in physiotherapy training to bridge the gap between classroom learning and clinical practice. High-fidelity simulation (HF-Sim) offers students a realistic yet safe environment to apply theoretical knowledge, practise complex decision-making, and develop the skills in managing critically ill patients. However, evidence on its structured application in physiotherapy curricula, especially for critical care learning, remains limited. Aim: To evaluate the impact of HF-Sim on perceived clinical reasoning and reflective practice in physiotherapy students managing a case in the intensive care setting (ICU). Methods : HF-Sim was structured around predefined objectives focusing on respiratory pathophysiology, airway/ventilator management, interpretation of investigations, and evidence-based physiotherapy. These guided an HF-Sim scenario where students assessed the patient, interpreted data, and performed interventions. The 26-item Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning (SACRR) survey was administered pre-and post-simulation to measure the perceived changes in clinical reasoning and reflection. Results : SACRR analysis revealed significant improvements in self-perceived clinical reasoning and reflective skills. Post-test results showed increased confidence in patient assessment, interpretation of investigations, treatment planning, and reflective practice, aligning with the learning objectives and emphasising critical thinking and evidence-based decisions. Conclusion : HS-Sim shows promise in physiotherapy education by providing a structured, safe environment for managing complex ICU scenarios. It helped students apply theory to practice and increased perceived readiness. Future studies should include objective measures and comparative designs to evaluate their impact better.
M. Yeung, Melissa Y Chan, Clement C. Yan et al.· Brazilian Journal of Respira...· 0 citations
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