Integrating Dual-Behaviour Components into the Refinement-Based Workflow Modeling Approach
: This paper proposes an extension of the refinement-driven role-based workflow model to support the modeling of system components as process participants. The approach is based on role-based workflow modeling, where process behaviour emerges from the interaction of human and system roles. In modern sociotechnical processes, the system can be either an autonomous participant or a resource used by humans, depending on the context. This distinction is important for explicitly modeling such systems, as component behaviour may affect workflow execution. This paper introduces a modeling approach that distinguishes between activation condition and architectural interpretation, and considers system components whose interpretation is determined by their mode of participation in a specific operation. Thus, the same component may be represented either as a resource or as an autonomous system role, while only its behavioural and architectural interpretation changes. Modeling rules and interpretation scenarios for system components in refined workflow layers are introduced. A decision support system (DSS) integrated into a healthcare workflow is used as an illustrative example of a dual-behaviour component. The proposed approach combines activation conditions, architectural interpretation, and modeling rules into a unified modeling framework for representing system components in role-based workflow models, improving the clarity and consistency of workflow representations.