Rainfall prediction models often lose skill when transferred across regions, particularly in data-sparse settings where local recalibration is not feasible. This study investigates whether topographically analogous landscapes exhibit consistent patterns of model portability in next-day rainfall occurrence prediction across contrasting climates. Random Forest and Logistic Regression classifiers trained on multi-year daily atmospheric data were evaluated across three hydrogeomorphic classes, Alluvial/Valley, Delta/Marsh, and Coastal Plain, using paired temperate sites in the United States and tropical sites in Malaysia. Portability was quantified using Transferability, representing a model’s ability to export predictive skill, and Adaptability, representing a site’s receptivity to externally trained models. Performance, sensitivity, and stability metrics were synthesized within a Behaviour Grid to support systematic interpretation. Results reveal a robust terrain-driven hierarchy: Delta/Marsh models are the strongest exporters, Alluvial/Valley sites the most adaptable receivers, and Coastal Plain sites are stable generalists. This general hierarchy is preserved across climates and years when evaluated using Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve, indicating strong terrain structuring of portability, although fixed-threshold performance metrics show sensitivity to temporal variability. These findings indicate that terrain class provides a useful basis for evaluating cross-regional model transfer, supporting more informed regionalisation and deployment decisions across heterogeneous environmental settings.
Ogochukwu Ejike, D. Ndzi, M. Shakir· Forecasting· 0 citations
As extreme heat events increase in frequency, intensity, and duration due to climate change, forecasting these events has become vital for early warning systems, public health preparedness, and climate adaptation strategies, especially in parts of the world that are already subject to extreme heat, such as tropical regions. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has increasingly been applied to environmental and meteorological data to improve the prediction of heatwaves and extreme heat events. This scoping review examines global peer-reviewed literature on the application of ML techniques for extreme heat prediction using environmental variables. This includes heatwave prediction, environmental and meteorological predictors used in these models, and the geographical distribution of existing research. A total of 23 peer-reviewed studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The findings indicate that artificial neural networks and random forest models were most frequently reported as high performing within individual studies. However, direct comparisons across studies are limited by heterogeneity in prediction targets, validation strategies, lead times, heatwave definitions, and performance metrics. Temperature-related variables, especially maximum temperature, were consistently identified as the most influential predictors across studies. Furthermore, the evidence base was heavily concentrated in Europe, Asia, and North America, with comparatively limited representation from low- and middle-income countries respective to population, despite these regions often experiencing disproportionate impacts of climate change and extreme heat exposure. By synthesising current evidence on ML-based heatwave prediction, associated environmental predictors, and geographical research trends, this review provides insights to support the development of more robust, context-aware, and globally representative heatwave forecasting frameworks.
Adam Ashford, Fahad Ayaz, M. Shakir et al.· Forecasting· 0 citations
We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads.
See our Cookie Policy.
