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Sponsored Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition

Author

M. Schillinger

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Open access Jul 2026

CO3D Image Quality Calibration

Abstract. The launch of the four CO3D satellites took place on 25th July 2025. One of the goals of the mission is to generate a worldwide, accurate and low-cost Digital Surface Model (DSM) at a resolution and relative height accuracy of 1m. This 3D performance relies on well-controlled image quality: the radiometry and resolution ensure a performant matching between the stereo images, and the geometry guarantees an accurate altimetry. The Image Quality In-Orbit Test (IOT) phase has permitted to tune the on-board parameters before starting the massive acquisitions. Dedicated acquisition modes were used on calibration sites spread throughout the world. Thanks to the agility of the satellite, celestial acquisitions are possible and support the radiometry and resolution calibrations. This paper does not include the in-orbit performances due to confidentiality agreement.

Fabrice Buffe, Sylvain Lucas, Alice Latourte et al. · 0 citations
Open access Jul 2026

Radiometric features and ground processing for high-resolution Earth observation satellite Bayer matrix-based images like CO3D

Abstract. Matrix detectors and colour filters arrays are more widely used for satellites and rover missions in the past years. Recently, four CO3D (from “Constellation Optique 3D” in french) satellites equipped with COTS matrix Bayer sensor were launched and calibrated. Both the sensor sampling distinctive features and the new Step & Stare guidance mode are leading to new calibration and processing paradigms. In this paper, we delve into techniques dedicated for such Bayer matrix-based system, mainly but not limited to high-resolution (HR) Earth-observation (EO) satellite missions. We first describe dedicated techniques for in-orbit radiometric performance assessment like signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and modulation transfer function (MTF). Then we address ground processing dedicated to Bayer acquisitions. Finally, we demonstrate the validity of our approach with CO3D in-orbit measurements. We also apply the radiometric ground processing on real images and provide a comparison with Pléiades-HR imagery, demonstrating the many benefits of the CO3D mission and all its novelties. CO3D in-orbit testing (IoT) is still ongoing eight months after launch, the in-flight performances are not presented in this paper due to confidentiality agreement.

Sylvain Lucas, Olivier Amram, C. Latry et al. · 0 citations

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