Improved spectral efficiency and inter-user interference mitigation are important aspects of IMT-2030 and the ongoing 3GPP 6G study. ETSI established the Industry Specification Group on Multiple Access Techniques (ISG MAT) as a research and pre-standardisation activity to build wider consensus on downlink MAT for 3GPP-based 6G systems. Its first report, ETSI GR MAT 001 V1.1.1, provides a standards-oriented comparison of 3GPP-specified techniques, including OMA, MU-MIMO, and MUST, with candidate techniques comprising power-domain NOMA, RSMA, and cache-aided MU-MIMO. The report identifies operating conditions in which candidate MAT can improve spectral efficiency and assesses implications for transceiver processing, network assistance information, and reference-signal requirements. Ongoing work includes realistic 5G NR link-level evaluations and the study of MAT for non-terrestrial networks, providing timely technical evidence for 3GPP 6G standardisation discussions.
D. Kumar, Mert Ozates, Yong Jin Daniel Kim et al.· 0 citations
This work investigates 2D distributed satellite swarm configurations for direct-to-cell (D2C) applications. Unlike previous studies, which primarily considered swarms as deployment alternatives to monolithic arrays, this paper focuses on exploiting the increased spatial resolution enabled by large distributed apertures. Simulation results show that, for the considered scenarios, increasing the level of antenna distribution across satellite platforms enlarges the effective aperture and improves the system sum rate under ideal operating conditions. While gains are moderate for uniformly distributed users, they become particularly pronounced in scenarios including hotspot with high user densities. The results further show that user scheduling strategies do not invalidate the superiority of highly distributed configurations, as these architectures provide a more balanced rate distribution across the coverage area, including hotspot regions. In addition, the paper analyzes several key implementation challenges associated with large distributed swarms, including errors in inter-satellite relative positioning, synchronization impairments, and limited beamforming and user-position update rates. Although within the range of swarm configurations and scenarios considered in this work, performance gains continue to increase with aperture size, these practical constraints may restrict swarm sizes in the medium term. Nevertheless, the observed performance gains strongly motivate further research into scalable synchronization, positioning and data distribution techniques for future large-scale satellite swarms.
Xavier Artiga, Màrius Caus, Ana I. Pérez-Neira et al.· 0 citations
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