A tri-modal, offline, and explainable framework for 12-lead electrocardiogram interpretation: fusing deterministic rules, a local residual network, and an agentic vision-language model.
OBJECTIVE Automated electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is increasingly delivered as cloud deep-learning services, trading data sovereignty, auditability and robustness for accuracy. This study tests whether an offline, explainable framework can remove that trade-off. Approach. Three independent interpreters feed a...
M. M. R. Khan Mamun
· Physiological Measurement · 0 citations