Background: Screen-based distractions during meals are increasingly common during adolescence and have been linked to less healthy eating behaviors. Chronotype, an individual’s circadian preference for morningness or eveningness, is associated with differences in alertness, self-regulation, and recreational screen use across the day, which may in turn influence susceptibility to distractions during meals. However, the relationship between chronotype and eating distraction behaviors remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study examined the association between chronotype and eating distraction behaviors in Spanish adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 820 adolescents aged 12–17 years from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) project. Chronotype was assessed using the Morningness–Eveningness Scale for Children and classified as evening, intermediate, or morning type. Eating distractions were evaluated using a composite score that included eating lunch or dinner while watching television, using mobile devices or social networks during meals, and eating while standing. Associations were examined using ordinal regression models (proportional odds), with eveningness as the reference category; both unadjusted and adjusted models are reported, with adjustment for relevant sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates. Results: In adjusted ordinal regression models with eveningness as reference, morningness was related to lower odds of being in a higher eating distractions category (odds ratio [OR] = 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.82; p = 0.004). Morningness was also associated with lower odds of a higher category of television viewing during meals (OR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.38–0.93; p = 0.024). No significant associations were identified for eating while using a phone or social networks or for eating while standing. Conclusions: Chronotype was independently associated with eating distraction behaviors in Spanish adolescents, with evening types showing a less favorable pattern. These findings suggest that circadian preference may be relevant when addressing mealtime behaviors during adolescence and could help inform future health promotion strategies.
M. Masache-Cruz, Fiorella Quiroz-Cárdenas, C. Miño et al.· Nutrients· 0 citations
Exercise is a recurrent multidimensional perturbation that initiates biological adaptation, yet responses to comparable training programmes remain heterogeneous. This critical narrative Review introduces the Adaptive Cellular State (ACS) Model as a heuristic framework for examining how the biological context present before training may contribute to variation in the subsequent processing and consolidation of exercise-induced perturbations. ACS is defined as a pre-existing, dynamic and multidimensional biological configuration that may condition how exercise-induced perturbations are received, decoded, executed and retained across repeated adaptive cycles. The model organizes nine interacting domains—mitochondrial quality, metabolic flexibility, nutrient sensing, redox responsiveness, inflammatory tone, microbiota-derived signalling, endothelial function, proteostasis and epigenetic readiness—and proposes four emergent properties: gain, fidelity, biological noise and memory. These domains and properties are theoretical constructs rather than validated ACS measurements or clinical categories. Exercise remains the indispensable initiating stimulus, whereas nutrition may act through distinct routes: acute nutritional conditions may modify the internal perturbation generated during exercise, habitual dietary quality may influence selected components of the pre-existing biological context, and recovery nutrition may provide substrates or modify conditions relevant to remodelling. Nutrient-adequate dietary patterns emphasizing minimally processed foods and a diverse plant-food component represent plausible candidate exposures, but current evidence does not establish superiority over appropriately constructed high-quality omnivorous patterns or demonstrate greater long-term training adaptation. The ACS Model should therefore be interpreted as a prospective and falsifiable research framework whose validity depends on whether prespecified baseline ACS-related measures provide reproducible information about durable adaptation beyond conventional metabolic, fitness and training-history variables.
Mario Muñoz-López, Gonzalo Quesada-Fernández, E. Sancho-Haro et al.· Cells· 0 citations
Emotional eating was selectively associated with specific sleep-related problems, particularly bedtime difficulties and snoring, in a large sample of Spanish adolescents, with anger and anxiety showing the strongest associations.
Andrea Aquino-Blanco, M. López-Moreno, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda et al.· European Journal of Pediatri...· 0 citations
Clinical evidence remains limited, particularly regarding long-term efficacy, dose standardisation, and bioavailability in humans, and future work should prioritise adequately powered intervention trials and standardised characterisation of marine halophyte bioactives to clarify their evidence-based role in functional food development and future precision nutrition applications.
J. F. Tornero-Aguilera, Carlota Valeria Villanueva-Tobaldo, E. Sancho-Haro et al.· Marine Drugs· 0 citations
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