Open access
Jul 2026
Global transmission pathways and adaptive molecular evolution of avian infectious bronchitis GI-23 (Variant 2)
The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes significant losses in commercial poultry egg and meat production. Since its first emergence, the genotype GI-23 (Variant 2) has progressively increased its geographical distribution, shown a significant virulence, and challenged the vaccine efficacy. Global viral transmiss...
Mohamed H Houta, G. Franzo, A. El-Sawah et al.
· Scientific Reports · 0 citations