M. Kaur

Impact of temperature-dependent viscosity and permeable boundaries on thermal instability in a Darcy–Brinkman ferrofluid layer

This study investigates the onset of thermal instability in a horizontal Darcy–Brinkman ferrofluid layer with temperature-dependent viscosity, bounded by permeable horizontal surfaces. The variation of viscosity with temperature is described using linear, exponential, and inverse-linear relations. The governing equatio...