The hybrid yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus TUM 34/70 repurposes the pseudohyphal growth signaling network to establish a flocculation phenotype
Lager is the most produced beer style world-wide and makes use of the bottom-fermenting hybrid yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus (S. cerevisiae x S. eubayanus). Previous research showed that flocculation in S. pastorianus, in contrast to the top-fermenting ale yeast S. cerevisiae, is triggered by nitrogen starvation. However, the cellular events leading to flocculation in S. pastorianus are not well characterized. Therefore, we conducted a proteomic screen of S. pastorianus TUM 34/70 and identified the protein kinase Ste20p and protein phosphatase regulatory subunit Ypi1p as higher abundant during flocculation. Overexpression of these genes caused a consistent and strong increase in flocculation rate over the complete duration of beer fermentation. Characterization of Ste20p and Ypi1p via a phospho-proteomics screen showed their targeting of proteins whose S. cerevisiae orthologues are involved in pseudohyphal growth. However, in contrast to this, the overexpression of STE20 and YPI1 led instead to the establishment of a flocculation morphology, giving first-time evidence that S. pastorianus repurposes the pseudohyphal signaling network for this phenotype.