Comparative Analysis of Nucleocapsid- and Spike-Specific Isotype Humoral Immune Responses Following Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination with Sinopharm, Sinovac, and AstraZeneca
Overall, natural infection induces a coordinated humoral response biased toward the nucleocapsid antigen, supporting its utility as a marker of recent infection, whereas vaccination elicits a robust multi-subclass antibody response with platform-dependent differences in antigen recognition and subclass distribution.