Wake effects in a 100 GW North Sea offshore wind scenario: a model intercomparison under year-round weather conditions
Large-scale offshore wind development will intensify wake interactions between wind farm clusters in the North Sea, increasing uncertainty in regional energy estimates. We assess HARMONIE-AROME mesoscale simulations, ASPIRE large-eddy simulations (LES), and three engineering wake models based on Jensen, Bastankhah Gaus...