Integrating in vivo metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and dual-indicator scoring for PK-marker selection of Celosiae Semen saponins.
The total saponins from Celosiae Semen (TSCS) show hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering effects against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, their in vivo metabolic fate and holistic pharmacokinetic (PK) features remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, an integrated PK-marker...