Strategic Governance Innovation in State-Owned Enterprises: A Critical Case Study of Expatriate Director Appointments at PT Garuda Indonesia
The integration of expatriate directors into State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) presents a profound strategic paradox, frequently triggering tensions between sovereign socio-economic mandates and hyper-competitive commercial realities. This study investigates the unprecedented appointment of foreign executives at PT Garuda Indonesia by a sovereign wealth fund, challenging the narrative that state-subsidized equity recovery equates to a sustainable operational turnaround. Employing a theory-driven conceptual design, this research utilizes a critical instrumental case study approach. Data extracted from audited financial statements, regulatory frameworks, and verified public discourse were subjected to directed content analysis through the integrated theoretical lenses of Strategic International Human Resource Management (SIHRM), Contingency Theory, and the Resource-Based View. The empirical findings reveal that without rigorous gap analyses, expatriate recruitment is inherently driven by mimetic isomorphism rather than strategic capability acquisition. Furthermore, the systemic neglect of configurational cultural intelligence assessments and knowledge codification protocols exponentially increases the risks of strategic misalignment and organizational amnesia. To mitigate these macro-institutional frictions, this study proposes the SOE Expatriate Director Governance (SEDG) framework. By mandating independent oversight, explicit mandate charters, and transparent return-on-investment auditing, the SEDG framework provides a prescriptive blueprint to transition expatriate deployments from transient legitimacy signaling into institutionalized, long-term capability investments.