ZnO/ZIF-8@Au nanoarchitectures with nanoconfinement-enhanced plasmonic coupling for ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical detection of malondialdehyde.
BACKGROUND Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a pivotal oxidative stress biomarker implicated in cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer; however, its trace quantification in complex biological matrices remains analytically daunting. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing offers inherently low background noise and exc...