L. Carro-Calvo

Evolutionary AP Switch ON/OFF Techniques for Energy-Efficient Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks

The proposed methods consistently outperform state-of-the-art greedy benchmarks, delivering noticeable improvements in energy efficiency for both conjugate beamforming and minimum mean square error (MMSE) processing, while simultaneously enhancing the energy–spectral efficiency tradeoff, which is typically difficult to improve without incurring penalties elsewhere.