Ionospheric Mechanisms Leading to Plasma‐Bubble Zonal Drift Reversal and Deformation During the 12 November 2025 Geomagnetic Storm
We present a multi‐instrument analysis of the ionospheric response to the intense geomagnetic storm of 12 November 2025 over the American sector, with emphasis on the longitudinally asymmetric deformation, latitudinal expansion, and zonal drift reversal of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs). Our analysis integrates tot...