Detecting atmospheres in the presence of stellar contamination: an empirically calibrated framework applied to four JWST/NIRSpec PRISM transits of TRAPPIST-1c
Transmission spectroscopy of rocky exoplanets orbiting late M dwarfs is limited by stellar contamination rather than photon noise. We present a framework for this contamination-dominated regime, fitting all transit epochs jointly with a Gaussian process per epoch for the time-varying stellar contamination and a single...