BackgroundExposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is linked to reduced fetal growth, yet little is known about potentially modifiable factors that may mitigate these harmful effects.AimIn this study, we assessed whether prenatal dietary factors, including folate, vitamin D, and dietary inflammation, may modify the inverse associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and birthweight for gestational age z-scores (BWZ).MethodsParticipants were a subset of the prospective Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort (N = 268, delivery dates between 2014 and 2018), which includes serum and dietary intake data. Serum collected at 8-14 weeks' gestation was analyzed for four PFAS (perfluorohexane sulfonic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid) and total and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire administered during early pregnancy was used to ascertain dietary folate equivalents (DFE) and dietary inflammatory index (DII) over the last three months. We used linear regression stratified by dichotomized dietary measures (DFE, total and free 25(OH)D, and DII) to assess effect modification of the association between individual PFAS and BWZ. Mixture effects were estimated using quantile-based g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression.SummaryA natural log increase in PFOS and PFOA was more strongly associated with lower BWZ only among participants with pro-inflammatory diets (DII ≥75th percentile) or low 25(OH)D (total 25(OH)D < 75th percentile). Similar patterns were observed in PFAS mixture analyses (e.g. ΨDII≥75thpercentile = -0.47, 95% CI = -0.77, -0.18, and ΨDII<75thpercentile = -0.08, 95% CI = -0.24, 0.07). Overall, maternal dietary factors may influence susceptibility to PFAS-related fetal growth effects.
Yun-Jie Huang, Dong-Hai Liang, Anne L. Dunlop et al.· Nutrition and Health· 0 citations
BACKGROUND
Emerging data suggests that glyphosate, a non-selective herbicide, can influence reproductive health. We investigated associations of prenatal exposure to glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), with preterm birth and its subtypes.
METHODS
We used data from the NYU Children's Health and Environmental Study, a prospective birth cohort in New York City (2016-2019). Participants (n=1450) provided urine samples at 4 to <18 weeks and 18 to 25 weeks gestation. Exposure was adjusted for creatinine and natural log transformed. Preterm birth was defined as a birth occurring before 37 weeks of gestation. We also explored preterm birth subtypes, spontaneous preterm births and medically indicated preterm births as secondary outcomes. To examine associations between glyphosate and AMPA at both timepoints with preterm birth, we used generalized estimating equations with a logit link function.
RESULTS
Overall, 7% (n=103) of births were preterm. Glyphosate concentrations at 18-25 weeks was associated with preterm birth (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.76) and spontaneous preterm birth (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.90). AMPA was not associated with preterm birth in any model.
CONCLUSIONS
These results support evidence that glyphosate may act upon pathways leading to preterm birth and spontaneous preterm birth. Our study highlights pregnancy as a vulnerable period to glyphosate exposure.
Teresa Herrera, Fiona Fragoman, A. Ghassabian et al.· Environmental Pollution· 1 citation
Prenatal OP exposure was not associated with autism-related traits in childhood and results were consistent across sex-stratified models, secondary analyses using quantile and logistic regressions, various sensitivity analyses, and after adjustments for dietary confounders.
Haleigh Cavalier, Heather E. Volk, A. Kivumbi et al.· JAMA pediatrics· 1 citation
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