Advancing Cancer Therapy: Nano-Therapeutics for Precision Targeting of the Tumor Microenvironment.
Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases to treat effectively, primarily due to the complex and adaptive nature of the tumour microenvironment. Traditional therapies often fail to target the TME adequately, leading to resistance and relapse. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have opened new avenues for targeted cancer therapy, offering innovative solutions to overcome these challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of nano-therapeutics designed to target the TME, highlighting their mechanisms, current progress, and prospects. By emphasizing the relationship between nanotherapeutics and different TME constituents, such as immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix, we want to clarify how these innovative techniques might improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. The potential of combining nano-therapeutics with conventional treatments is also explored, emphasizing a multi-faceted strategy in the fight against cancer.