Beyond Morphology: Reframing Lymph-Node Metastasis Prediction Through Clonal Ecology—Decades-Long Genomic Instability and Polyclonal-to-Monoclonal Transitions as the Missing Dimension in Cancer
Recent whole-genome, lineage-tracing, single-cell, and spatial studies have reshaped our understanding of tumor evolution, revealing that cancers can arise from polyclonal populations, undergo decades-long genomic instability before clinical detection, and progress through dynamic changes in subclonal composition, cell...