Highly conductive and anti-freezing Mg/Ca-crosslinked sodium alginate/phytic acid hydrogel electrolytes for flexible supercapacitors.
Conventional hydrogel electrolytes often suffer from reduced ionic conductivity at low temperatures and limited environmental sustainability. Herein, a flexible biopolymer-based hydrogel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and low-temperature stability is developed through a synergistic Mg/Ca dual-ion crosslinking...