Durability Life Assessment of Prestressed Concrete Box-Girder Bridges Considering Chloride Ingress and Carbonation Process Under Realistic Climate
Harsh environmental conditions (de-icing salts, CO2 emissions, freeze–thaw, etc.) in northern China threaten the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) highway bridges, with carbonation and chloride ingress acting synergistically. This paper presents an integrated COMSOL framework that couples nonlinear PDEs for heat,...