Pesticides contamination across soil, water, and components of a paddy in paddy fields of Thrace and Marmara region, Türkiye: occurrence, transfer, and health risk assessment
Context—Paddy fields are prone to multi-matrix contamination because prolonged flooding can enhance exchanges between soil, water, and plant compartments, allowing pesticide residues to persist and potentially reach edible tissues. In Türkiye, evidence remains limited for stage-resolved monitoring that simultaneously l...