Conceptual foundations of migration policy: concepts, principles and functional purpose
The article carries out a comprehensive and systematic study of the conceptual foundations of migration policy as an important direction of state policy in modern conditions of globalization, increased interstate mobility of the population, the growth of the scale of forced migration and the transformation of socio-economic and political and legal processes. The relevance of the topic is due to the need for scientific understanding of migration policy, taking into account the latest challenges associated with demographic changes, security risks, integration processes and the need to ensure human rights and freedoms regardless of migration status. The paper explores scientific approaches to understanding migration policy, which have developed in modern domestic and foreign doctrine. It is substantiated that migration policy is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon, which encompasses a set of legal, organizational, economic, social and institutional measures aimed at regulating migration processes in accordance with the strategic goals of the state’s development. It is emphasized that migration policy cannot be considered exclusively as an instrument for controlling the movement of persons, but should combine regulatory, social, humanitarian and security components. Particular attention is paid to determining the place of migration policy in the system of state policy and its relationship with other areas - demographic, social, economic, labor, educational, security and foreign policy. It is proven that the effectiveness of migration policy largely depends on the consistency of its goals and objectives with the general strategy of state development, as well as on the level of interdepartmental coordination and institutional capacity of public authorities. The article systematizes and characterizes the main principles of migration policy, which constitute its conceptual basis. Such principles include the principle of legality, which provides for the implementation of migration policy on the basis of national and international law; the principle of the priority of human and citizen rights and freedoms; the principle of humanism and non-discrimination; the principle of ensuring national security and public order; the principle of balancing the interests of the state, society and migrants; the principle of state responsibility for the consequences of administrative decisions in the field of migration; the principle of international cooperation, etc. It is noted that adherence to these principles is a necessary condition for the formation of an effective, stable and legitimate migration policy. The results of the study can be used in further scientific research, in the process of improving legislation in the field of migration, as well as in the practical activities of state authorities and local self-government.