Spatiotemporal digital twin for city-scale EV charging infrastructure using LSTM-GNN fusion and resilience-driven optimization
The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) requires intelligent and resilient planning of charging infrastructure under dynamic urban conditions. This paper proposes a city-scale spatiotemporal digital twin (SDT) that integrates LSTM-GNN fusion with resilience-driven hybrid optimization (GA-PSO-deep reinforcement lear...